CXCL9 and CXCL10 support the exacerbated humoral response in recovered COVID-19 patients who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome by promoting plasma cell differentiation, whereas CXCL9 also induces CD40L and CXCR3 upregulation on T helper cells.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Severe COVID-19 is frequently associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and prolonged pulmonary sequelae. Persistent immune activation, including dysregulated B cell responses and increased proinflammatory chemokines, has been linked to the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the mechanisms linking these factors remain poorly defined.

Methods

Sixty patients were studied four months after acute COVID-19, including 34 who developed ARDS, 26 who did not develop ARDS, and 12 healthy controls. Clinical, computed tomography scan (CT), and diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCOc) assessments were performed. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG levels were quantified, circulating B cell subsets were characterized, and circulating c

SUBMITTER: Quiroga R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12711852 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature