Developing a Headspace SPME Arrow GC-MS Method for the Determination of Nicotine Biomarkers in Raw Sewage.

ABSTRACT: Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) concerns the analysis of human biomarkers in untreated sewage samples as indicators of diseases, exposure to pollutants, and population lifestyle. Smoking, in various forms, and its prevalence in society are essential aspects of such studies. Anatabine, anabasine, cotinine, and hydroxycotinine are the most well-known nicotine biomarkers, and the relation of their concentrations with the smoking prevalence has been used in WBE studies. Analysis of these compounds has been based on LC-MS following classical solid or liquid extractions. Regarding the complexity of the sewage samples, the final chromatograms are still plagued by a large number of contaminants, despite the use of tandem or high-resolution MS detectors. In this work, a novel headspace SPME-Arr

SUBMITTER: Salemi A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12712886 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature