Assessment of Air Pollutant Emissions from Road Transport in Thailand.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to estimate air pollution emissions from road transportation in Thailand, supporting policymakers in planning and implementing mitigation measures, especially for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), by using the Tier-3 method, which allows for detailed analysis and reflects the country's specific conditions. Additionally, this study seeks to evaluate the impact of older vehicles and biofuel blends on particulate matter (PM) exhaust emissions. For the first time in Thailand, a high-resolution gridded emission inventory was created at a 1 km × 1 km scale using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and official traffic data. This spatially detailed inventory distributes PM emissions by vehicle type and road classification, enabling more ac

SUBMITTER: Roemmontri J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12713425 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature