Anatomical mapping and quantitative functional analysis of lower limb lymphatic flow in normal cynomolgus monkeys using indocyanine green lymphography.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The lymphatic system is essential for fluid balance and immune regulation, but its anatomy and function in translational models remain insufficiently defined. Indocyanine green (ICG) near-infrared fluorescence lymphography enables real-time visualization of superficial lymphatics, yet baseline functional data in non-human primates are lacking. Cynomolgus monkeys closely resemble humans and represent a relevant model for lymphatic research. This study established baseline drainage patterns and functional contractility metrics of the lower limb lymphatic system.

Methods

Five healthy female cynomolgus monkeys were studied, with a total of 10 lower limbs evaluated. Lymphatic drainage was mapped using 11 intradermal injection sites and near-infrared fluorescence imagin

SUBMITTER: Kim J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12714227 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature