TMS-induced modulation of brain networks and its associations to rTMS treatment for depression: a concurrent fMRI-EEG-TMS study.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) is an established intervention for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), yet the underlying therapeutic mechanisms remain not fully understood.

Methods

This study employs an integrative approach that combines TMS with concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG), aimed at assessing the acute/immediate effects of TMS on brain network dynamics and their correlation with clinical outcomes. Furthermore, this study explored the brain-state dependent effects of TMS, as the brain-state indexed by the phase of EEG prefrontal alpha oscillation.

Results

Our study demonstrates that TMS acutely modulates connectivity within vital

SUBMITTER: He H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12716231 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature