Induction of antigen-specific regulatory T cells by engineered extracellular vesicles.

ABSTRACT: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as versatile nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery and immune modulation. However, strategies that can induce antigen-specific immune tolerance remain limited, highlighting an unmet need for more precise and effective approaches. To address this challenge, we aimed to develop a modular EV-based system capable of inducing antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs). In this study, we developed engineered antigen-presenting EVs (AP-EVs) that co-display peptide-major histocompatibility complex class II complexes (pMHCII), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) on their surface. These immunomodulatory molecules were anchored to the EV membrane via CD81 or milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) scaffolds to ensure

SUBMITTER: Imai S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12716476 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature