The effect of recall period on reported out-of-pocket health expenditure in Ghana.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Out-of-pocket health payments (OOPs) are a key indicator of health financing systems' performance. Measuring OOPs through household surveys is challenging and yet it is the primary source of information in the absence of comprehensive data on user charges in the public sector and market data from the private sector. The choice of the recall period has been identified as a source of bias in previous studies. This study investigates the effect of two different types of recall periods on the agreement between OOPs reported by households and providers.

Methods

Households were sampled for our community survey from the Navrongo Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Ghana. Two versions of a health expenditure module were developed differing only in the recall perio

SUBMITTER: Agorinya IA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12716721 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature