Efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy plus lenvatinib and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors versus systemic chemotherapy plus lenvatinib and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) provides sustained high intrahepatic drug exposure with limited systemic toxicity, potentially enhancing antigen release and immune sensitization. This study compared the efficacy and safety of HAIC combined with lenvatinib and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors versus systemic chemotherapy-based triple therapy in advanced unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA).

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 67 patients with unresectable iCCA treated with HAIC-based triple therapy (n = 32) or systemic triple therapy (n = 35) was conducted. Clinical efficacy, survival, prognostic factors and safety profiles were evaluated. Baseline imbalances were adjusted using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Kaplan-Meier and C

SUBMITTER: Zhang Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12717310 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature