Association of hemoglobin glycation index with the severity and mortality of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a population-based cohort study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a recently proposed multisystem disorder with high prevalence and progressive stages from 0 to 4, characterized by uncertain risk factors. Hemoglobin glycation index (HGI), a simple marker reflecting individual variation in glycated hemoglobin, has been linked to diabetic and cardiovascular outcomes. However, its association with CKM syndrome severity and mortality remains unknown.

Methods

This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2018) and included 14,680 adult participants. Weighted logistic regression was conducted to assess the association of HGI and CKM syndrome stage. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and weighted Cox proportional hazards models were adopted to explor

SUBMITTER: Geng L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12717684 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature