Wafer-scale integration of photonic integrated circuits and atomic vapor cells.

ABSTRACT: Atom-based technologies have played a central role in both fundamental research and application-driven developments. For example, devices such as atomic clocks and magnetometers are essential for precision time-keeping, navigation, and sensing. However, many of these demonstrations remain confined to laboratory settings due to their reliance on bulky equipment and centimeter-scale atomic vapor cells. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to miniaturize these vapor cells to enable field-deployable systems. Yet, integrating these cells with the necessary photonic components remains a complex and non-scalable process. To address this challenge, we have introduced the atomic-cladded waveguide (ACWG) architecture, which enables the integration of atomic and photonic functions on t

SUBMITTER: Grosman A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12717930 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature