Alterations of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by exploratory gene expression analysis in recurrent glioblastoma following apatinib in combination with temozolomide.

ABSTRACT: Apatinib in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) has achieved reasonable clinical efficacy in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM), however, there are currently no clear biomarkers related to clinical efficacy or prognosis. Our retrospective study was to investigate tumor microenvironment (TME) features at the gene expression level that are associated with response and long survival benefit of rGBM treated with apatinib and TMZ. We enrolled 22 rGBMs treated with apatinib in combination with TMZ and collected their tissue samples for RNA transcriptome analysis by the Nanostring nCounter platform. The response group had 40 differentially expressed genes compared to the non-response group, with significantly up-regulated expression of genes related to endothelial cells and apoptosis.

SUBMITTER: Ge J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12719071 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature