Effect of budesonide/glycopyrronium/formoterol fumarate dihydrate on cardiopulmonary outcomes in COPD: rationale and design of the THARROS trial.

ABSTRACT:

Background

COPD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are leading causes of death with overlapping and syndemic pathophysiological interactions. Inhaled triple therapies containing inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) and long-acting β₂-agonists (LABA) reduce COPD exacerbation rates and improve lung function versus dual LAMA/LABA therapy. The effect of inhaled triple therapies on combined cardiac and pulmonary (i.e., cardiopulmonary) events in people with COPD and elevated cardiopulmonary risk has not been prospectively tested in randomised clinical trials.

Methods

THARROS is a multinational, event-driven cardiopulmonary outcomes trial evaluating budesonide/glycopyrronium/formoterol fumarate dihydrate (BGF) triple thera

SUBMITTER: Martinez FJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12720155 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature