Chemical Analysis of Commercial Functionalized Graphene Nanoplatelets along the Production Process with Raman Spectroscopy and X‑ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.

ABSTRACT: Commercial applications increasingly rely on functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) supplied as powders, aqueous suspensions, and printable inks, yet their process-structure-property relationships across the production chain remain to be fully mapped. Here we apply a correlative Raman spectroscopy (Raman) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) workflow to nine independent industrial graphene batches spanning three surface chemistries, raw (R), fluorinated (F), and nitrogen-functionalized (N), in all three physical forms which are powders, suspensions, and inks. Raman mapping (with a 532 nm excitation laser) showed that I _2D/I _G is highest for N-samples and lowest for R-ink. A 2D-vs-G correlation places all samples on a trajectory parallel to th

SUBMITTER: Madbouly LA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12720484 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature