3D printing technology in hepatobiliary surgery education: a systematic review.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is increasingly applied in surgical training; however, its effectiveness and reliability in hepatobiliary surgery education remain uncertain.

Objectives

To systematically review the literature on the application and effectiveness of 3DP in hepatobiliary surgical training and anatomical education.

Method

PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched for publications dated 1 January 1995, to 19 January 2025. Two investigators independently performed the literature search and screened eligible studies that reported the use of 3DP models for surgical training or anatomical education. Study quality was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI), and levels of evidence were graded using

SUBMITTER: Lin J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12720639 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature