Partially Replacing Dietary Carbohydrate With Unsaturated Fat or Protein Shifts Protein-Based HDL Subspecies Toward Lower Coronary Heart Disease Risk.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Dietary unsaturated fat, protein, and carbohydrate have well-established effects on HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels, but whether these effects are connected causally to coronary heart disease (CHD) has been called into question. Protein-based minor HDL subspecies are emerging as novel and likely causal biomarkers, direct or inverse, for risk of CHD, diabetes, and other conditions. HDL-raising drugs such as CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) inhibitors raise certain HDL subspecies that have adverse effects on CHD risk. We hypothesize that dietary unsaturated fat, protein, and carbohydrate differentially affect 15 minor protein-based HDL subspecies with diverse functionality in lipid metabolism, antioxidation, immunity, hemostasis, and protease inh

SUBMITTER: Zhang B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12721617 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature