Sex-dependent alterations of salivary microbiome in Parkinson's disease: associations with motor and non-motor clinical phenotypes.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Parkinson's disease (PD) shows considerable heterogeneity in motor and non motor features. The contribution of the salivary microbiome and its modification by sex remains unclear.

Methods

In a single center cross sectional case control study, we profiled unstimulated saliva from 24 patients with Parkinson's disease and 25 age and sex matched controls using 16S rRNA sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity were evaluated, group associated taxa were identified by indicator analysis, and community structure was related to clinical measures including Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III in off and on medication states, the Non Motor Symptoms Scale, and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.

Results

Alpha diversity was broadly preserved, whereas richness

SUBMITTER: Zu J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12722840 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature