Engineering the Photophysics of Cyanines by Chain C1' Substituents.

ABSTRACT: Cyanine dyes are widely used in bioimaging, sensing, optoelectronic, and medicinal applications due to their tunable photophysical properties. However, controlling their electronic structures and photophysical properties remains a challenge. Here we report a general synthetic route to pentamethine and heptamethine cyanines bearing C1' chain substituents that allow substantial control of their electronic, photophysical, and photochemical properties. By varying the terminal heterocycle and introducing various substituents at the 1'-position, we investigated the role of symmetry breaking and its impact on bond length alternation (BLA) and out-of-plane rotation (OPR). Our analysis shows that OPR, coupled with BLA, suppresses or hypsochromically shifts the first absorption band, thereby signifi

SUBMITTER: Bedocchi O 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12723678 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature