Organelles harbour pH gradients.

ABSTRACT: Organelle pH is critical to organelle identity and function. Resident proteins that define each organelle modify transiting cargo proteins, with both retention and trafficking between organelles governed by pH-dependent mechanisms. For example, lysosomal enzymes bind mannose-6-phosphate receptors at the higher pH (~6.5) of the Golgi and dissociate at the lower pH (~5.5) of late endosomes¹. Proteins that stray from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are captured by KDEL receptors in the acidic Golgi and returned into the neutral ER^2,3. This pH-tuned trafficking system compartmentalizes organelle function and prevents mis-localization of critical enzymes⁴. Dysregulated organelle pH disrupts their function and leads to various diseases. Because protons move rapidl

SUBMITTER: Lee S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12724592 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature