Cardiovascular risk across stages of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome in South Korea, 2002-2022: A population-based cohort study.

ABSTRACT: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is an emerging global framework, but evidence on stage-specific cardiovascular risks remains limited. Therefore, we investigated the association between CKM syndrome stages and cardiovascular outcomes, accounting for confounders and identifying the most influential components. This study utilized data from the Ansan-Ansung cohort, a longitudinal population-based cohort study conducted in South Korea from 2002 to 2022. CKM syndrome was classified according to the American Heart Association guidelines using the Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease EVENTs equations into 4 stages: stage 0 (healthy), stage 1 (early risk), stage 2 (intermediate risk), and stage 3 (severe). A Cox proportional hazards model with time-varying covariates was applie

SUBMITTER: Cho J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12727406 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature