Capturing atomic wetting dynamics in real time.

ABSTRACT: Atomic-scale wetting governs material formation at the nanoscale but remains poorly understood under confinement, where classical capillarity models fail. The growth of metallic nanowires within multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) exemplifies this challenge, requiring precise control over wetting, nucleation, and vapour-phase condensation. Here we show that nanowire formation proceeds through a two-stage mechanism: curvature-driven nucleation at open tube ends followed by capillary-driven elongation sustained by continuous vapour condensation. Using in situ atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy (ARTEM) coupled with a deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) capable of classifying liquid, solid and intermediate Sn_xO phase transitions, we directly capture the

SUBMITTER: Tebbutt GT 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12727699 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature