Fabrication of synergistic calix[4]arene-PVC-MWCNT-graphite films for fast and sustainable adsorption of dye pollution.

ABSTRACT: The increasing discharge of dye pollutants, particularly methylene blue (MB), into aquatic systems represents a critical environmental challenge due to their persistence, toxicity, and resistance to biodegradation. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of a novel flexible adsorbent film composed of tetraformyl calix[4]arene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and graphite (TfCPMG). The calixarene moieties introduce highly active formyl functionalities and aromatic cavities, enabling strong electrostatic and π-π interactions with cationic dyes, while the MWCNT and graphite components provide structural reinforcement, conductivity, and additional adsorption sites. Structural characterization using FT-IR, Raman, BET, and FE-SEM confirmed th

SUBMITTER: Dadashi R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12727825 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature