Epidemiological trends and disparities in iodine, vitamin A, and iron deficiencies among children aged 0-14 years globally, 1990-2021.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Nutritional deficiencies in iodine, vitamin A, and iron remain major public health challenges for children under 15 years, impairing growth, cognitive development, and long-term health outcomes. Despite global interventions, disparities persist across socioeconomic strata. This study evaluates trends, regional variations, and sociodemographic correlates of these deficiencies from 1990 to 2021.

Methods

Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database were analyzed for 204 countries, focusing on children aged 0-14 years. Age-standardized incidence rate, DALYs, and SDI correlations were assessed using Expected Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) and Bayesian age-period-cohort models to project trends to 2050.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, iodine deficiency incide

SUBMITTER: Peng F 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12728350 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature