<i>In situ</i> released bacterial membrane vesicles activate the STING pathway <i>via</i> boosting the intracellular DNA pool for immunotherapy.

ABSTRACT: The cGAS-STING pathway represents an important target for amplifying immune responses in immunotherapy. This pathway is activatable by either endogenous or exogenous dsDNA. However, the effectiveness of these dsDNA sources is constrained by inadequate reactive oxygen species or limited sequence length. A unilateral source of endogenous or exogenous dsDNA may result in inadequate accumulation of the DNA pool, thereby restricting immune responses. Herein, a near-infrared light (NIR)-responsive nanoplatform has been developed by integration of bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and high-entropy alloys (HEAs) into a hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) to enhance intracellular DNA pools for activating the tumoral STING pathway and immunotherapy. The encapsulation of OMVs by HOFs dampe

SUBMITTER: Wang W 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12728563 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature