Immunotherapy and Radiation for Clinical Perineural Invasion in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

ABSTRACT: Localized cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) has a favorable prognosis, unlike advanced disease, especially with clinical perineural invasion (PNI), which poses substantial management challenges due to aggressivity and higher recurrence, metastasis, and mortality risks. PNI, a high-risk staging feature, has worse outcomes, particularly when clinically evident rather than incidental. Clinical PNI (cPNI) is evident by clinical symptoms (such as pain, paresthesia, or motor deficits) or radiologic findings, whereas incidental PNI (iPNI) is identified only histologically without associated symptoms or radiologic evidence. PNI remains a novel area with varying practice patterns across institutions. Improving risk stratification and tailoring multidisciplinary approaches are critical for op

SUBMITTER: Morecroft RA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12730315 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature