Human Blood Exosomes: Isolation and Characterization Methods, Variability, and the Need for Standardized Protocols-A Review.

ABSTRACT: Background/Objectives: As bioactive extracellular vesicles, exosomes participate in cellular communication and disease mechanisms, yet their structural complexity continues to challenge standard analytical methodologies. This review summarizes published studies reporting exosome concentrations in human plasma, serum, and platelet-rich plasma from healthy individuals and highlights methodological differences. Methods: A comprehensive PubMed search (1986-31 August 2025) was performed using terms related to exosomes and their quantification, excluding cancer- and disease-related studies. Eligible articles reported exosome concentrations in plasma, serum, or platelet-rich plasma using particle-counting techniques such as nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, or tunable

SUBMITTER: Sanchez-Vizcaino Mengual E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12731227 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature