Differential Proteomic Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Produced by <i>Granulicatella adiacens</i> in Biofilm vs. Planktonic Lifestyle.

ABSTRACT: Background: Gram-positive bacteria, once considered incapable of producing extracellular vesicles (EVs) due to their thick peptidoglycan layer, are now known to secrete EVs that transport virulence factors and modulate host immunity. These EVs contribute to bacterial pathogenicity by facilitating biofilm formation, immune evasion, and inflammation. Granulicatella adiacens, an oral commensal associated with infective endocarditis, represents a clinically relevant model to study EV-mediated virulence. Objectives: This study's aim was to investigate whether the proteomic composition and immunomodulatory activity of G. adiacens EVs differ between biofilm and planktonic lifestyles, thereby contributing to distinct pathogenic behaviours. Methods: EVs isolated f

SUBMITTER: Karched M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12732219 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature