Prevalence and Risk Factors for Myopia in Primary School Children in Madrid: A School-Based Cycloplegic Refraction Study.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

We assess the prevalence of myopia and its associated factors among schoolchildren in Madrid, Spain, where school-based data using cycloplegic refraction are currently scarce.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 39 randomly selected schools in Madrid, targeting children in the second (6-7 years) and sixth grades (11-12 years). Parents completed questionnaires detailing family ocular history, the child's lifestyle, and screen time. Socio-economic status was inferred from the Human Development Index of school districts. Children were examined using a two-stage approach: initial screening with visual acuity testing and Plusoptix photorefraction (myopia screening cut-off ≤ 0.00 D spherical equivalent), followed by confirmatory cycloplegic autorefraction (t

SUBMITTER: Nieves-Moreno M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12733093 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature