Monitoring Treadmill Physical Exercise and Recovery in Elite Water Polo Players with Local Muscle Oxygen Saturation Measurements-Regional and Sex Differences.

ABSTRACT: Background: Despite numerous data on whole-body responses, we have less information about local muscular changes during physical exercise in athletes. Oxygen saturation (SmO₂) changes in the working muscles follow phases of load and are useful, as local metabolism could influence physical fitness. Methods: A total of 100 asymptomatic elite water polo players (63% male, age: 17.2 (interquartile range: 16.1-18.9) years) were examined using near-infrared spectroscopy to measure SmO₂ in both vastus lateralis and left deltoid muscles during continuous uphill running treadmill exercise. Results: Differences were observed between upper and averaged lower limb resting SmO₂ (82.1% (77.0-89.0%) vs. 68.3% (59.2-73.6%), p < 0.001). During ex

SUBMITTER: Babity M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12733570 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature