Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage Phenotype Skewing Induced by Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields).

ABSTRACT: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundant in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and often adopt an M2-like immunosuppressive phenotype that promotes tumor growth. Reprogramming TAMs toward an M1-like pro-inflammatory state is an attractive therapeutic strategy. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields), an FDA-approved, electric-field-based therapy, has recently been suggested to modulate immune responses in addition to its established anti-mitotic activity. Here, we investigated the direct effects of TTFields on macrophage activation and function. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were polarized toward a pro-inflammatory M1-like phenotype or an anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotype and exposed to TTFields. TTFields rapidly activated guanine nucleotide exchange factor-H1 (GEF-H1), a

SUBMITTER: Kan T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12733770 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature