Impact of Nicotine-Free Electronic Cigarettes on Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review.

ABSTRACT: Background: The cardiovascular effects of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes are well-established; however, far less is known about nicotine-free formulations, which are often perceived as safer alternatives. Yet, these products generate complex aerosols that may still pose toxicological risks. Methods: Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to 27 August 2025. Eligible studies included human and animal research on nicotine-free e-cigarettes evaluating vascular, hemodynamic, arrhythmic, oxidative, or inflammatory outcomes. Owing to the heterogeneity of the studies, the findings were synthesized qualitatively. Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Human trials consistently dem

SUBMITTER: Jukic I 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12734375 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature