Sex Differences in Autoimmune Multimorbidity Across Eleven Disorders: A Real-World Primary Care Study in Germany.

ABSTRACT: Background and Objectives: While most studies have focused on the incidence, pathogenesis, and severity of individual autoimmune diseases (AIDs), limited attention has been given to autoimmune multimorbidity-the co-occurrence of multiple AIDs in a single individual. This study aims to examine sex differences in autoimmune multimorbidity across eleven AIDs in a real-world setting. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed data from the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA) and included 164,596 individuals who visited one of 1037 primary care physicians in 2024. All patients had been diagnosed with at least one of eleven predefined AIDs between 2020 and 2024. For each AID, the prevalence of autoimmune multimorbidity was compared descriptively b

SUBMITTER: Kostev K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12734685 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature