Role of the Insulin Receptor in Mediating Cytosolic Delivery of Proteins by a Modified Cell-Penetrating Peptide.

ABSTRACT: Background: Intracellular delivery of high-molecular-weight proteins is limited by the cell membrane. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) offer a potential solution, but effective cytosolic delivery remains hindered by endosomal sequestration. Pas2r12, a CPP-derived peptide, facilitates cytosolic delivery of proteins including immunoglobulin G. Because Pas2r12 internalization occurs via caveolae-dependent endocytosis, we hypothesized that cell-surface receptors contribute to uptake. Methods: HEK293 cells were treated with Pas2r12 alone or complexed with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Phosphorylation of insulin receptor (INSR), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) was analyzed by Western blot. Linsitinib

SUBMITTER: Sugai K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12736253 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature