Examination of How Mall Visits Moderate the Impact of Adverse Weather on Daily Step Counts: A Multilevel Analysis Using Nationwide Data from a Smartphone Application.

ABSTRACT: Climate change has led to an increase in extreme weather events. Adverse weather conditions limit outdoor activities, reduce step counts, and negatively affect health. Malls offer a possible alternative for walking in such weather; however, their step-loss mitigating role remains unexplored. We analyzed data from 18,666 individuals aged ≥ 18 years (mean ± standard deviation: 48.0 ± 12.6; women: 71.5%), tracking daily step counts over a year using a smartphone application. Step count data were collected via devices owned by the participants and then transferred to the program database through the application. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression was used to estimate the associations between daily step counts and various interaction terms, focusing on two-way interactions between mall

SUBMITTER: Yoshida H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12738399 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature