Non-α-biased IL-2 enhances both intratumoral and subcutaneous CpG/α-OX40 therapy, unleashing systemic antitumor immunity in mice.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The CpG/α-OX40 in situ vaccine strategy has shown efficacy in immune-hot tumors but remains ineffective in immune-cold tumors possibly due to immunosuppressive microenvironments characterized by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) infiltration and T cell exclusion. This study aims to investigate the antitumor effect of non-α-biased IL-2 combined with CpG/α-OX40 in mice.

Methods

Using 4T1 breast cancer and CT26 colon cancer models, we evaluated the antitumor effects of combining CpG/α-OX40 with a non-α-biased IL-2 variant via both intratumoral and subcutaneous routes. Tumor growth, lung metastasis, immune profile, and in vitro function analysis were assessed through flow cytometry, transcriptomic analysis, and T cell suppression assays.

Results

T

SUBMITTER: Huang K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12742144 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature