Study on fold formation mechanism and process optimization in multi-directional die forged valve bodies.

ABSTRACT: Fold defects represent a prevalent and detrimental issue in the multi-directional die forging of complex valve bodies, often resulting in product rejection and increased manufacturing costs. In this study, a three-dimensional thermo-mechanical coupled finite element (FE) model was developed using Forge® software to simulate the multi-directional die forging process. The "marking grid" and "sensors" functionalities were employed to visualize and track the formation and evolution of fold defects throughout the entire forming process, thereby elucidating the underlying fold formation mechanism. The effects of three key process parameters-initial billet temperature, main punch speed, and friction coefficient between the billet and die-on fold depth and damage value were systematically analyzed

SUBMITTER: Niu L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12742751 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature