Effectiveness of virtual reality to manage pain and anxiety in patients undergoing cystoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) distraction technologies in managing pain and anxiety in patients undergoing cystoscopy procedures.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to July 2024, for studies comparing the use of VR distraction technologies versus no VR distraction in patients undergoing cystoscopy. The primary endpoints evaluated were patient-reported anxiety and procedural pain scores, and post-procedural heart rate (HR). Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed with the use of a random-effects model. The statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4.

Re

SUBMITTER: Lopes GMM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12744748 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature