Case Report: Fetal growth restriction and prolonged gestation associated with umbilical cord torsion and entanglement in a Holstein dairy cow.

ABSTRACT: This case report describes a rare instance of a bovine fetus with concurrent umbilical cord torsion and entanglement, which resulted in fetal growth restriction (FGR) and prolonged gestation. A 36-month-old primiparous Holstein cow, 285 days pregnant, was examined after failing to show signs of parturition. Fetal heartbeat was confirmed via abdominal ultrasonography until 295 days post-artificial insemination (AI) but was not detected thereafter, leading to a presumptive diagnosis of fetal death at 313 days post-AI. Following induction, the dead fetus was delivered at 316 days post-AI. Despite a gestational age of approximately 10.5 months, the fetus exhibited severe growth restriction that is equivalent to that of a normal 7-month-old fetus. The umbilical cord measured 40 cm-abnormally lo

SUBMITTER: Ohsaki K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12745216 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature