Preclinical evaluation of a 3D-printed porous stand-alone interbody cage for cervical fusion in a sheep model.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

This study aimed to assess the bone ingrowth and in vivo safety of a novel designed 3D-printed porous stand-alone cage (PSAC) for Cervical Fusion in a Sheep Model.

Methods

PASC was designed and fabricated by 3D-printing technology. We implanted the PSAC at the C2/C3 level and control cages at the C3/C4 level in 18 sheep. After 4, 12, and 24 weeks, X-ray was used to assess DSH, Micro-CT to evaluate bone volume fraction (BV/TV), biomechanical testing to determine bone-implant interface strength, and toluidine blue staining to assess bone ingrowth depth and new bone formation. Sheep health, blood markers, vital organ pathology and local tissue reaction (HE staining) were monitored to evaluate its safety.

Results

(1) X-ray results showed that both cages maintain

SUBMITTER: Liu S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12746633 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature