Advancing from MOFs and COFs to Functional Macroscopic Porous Constructs.

ABSTRACT: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) are the highly porous rising stars of reticular chemistry. However, most face challenges such as poor macroscopic structuring capability, inadequate mechanical robustness, and inaccessible porosities for target reactants, which hinder their practical applications. This review explores various strategies to assemble MOFs and COFs into macroscopic 3D-structured multi-scale porous structures, such as aerogels, foams, and sponges. The methods discussed include direct mixing, self-shaping, in situ growth, template-assisted approaches, and 3D printing. These strategies enable macroscopic MOF or COF porous structures to achieve excellent mechanical strength and tunable porosity from the molecular level and micro-scale up to th

SUBMITTER: Hashemi SA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12747495 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature