Identification and validation of biomarkers related to nicotinamide metabolic pathway activity in heart failure.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Heart failure (HF) is the final stage of cardiovascular diseases. Nicotinamide metabolism (NMN) plays a key role in cardiovascular dysfunction. We aimed to explore genes correlated with NM pathway activity (NMRGs) in HF.

Methods

HF data were obtained from public databases, and NMRGs were sourced from literature. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified NM-associated module genes. Candidate genes were selected via differential expression profiling and module analysis. Biomarkers were identified using protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, machine learning, and gene expression validation. Diagnostic efficacy was assessed via nomogram. Functional enrichment, immune infiltration, and drug prediction analyses were performed. Biomarker expres

SUBMITTER: Du J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12748002 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature