Therapeutic Effects of Noninvasive Technology Modalities on Lower-Limb Motor Function in Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

To systematically evaluate the effects of noninvasive technology modalities, defined as externally applied stimulation or feedback devices, on lower-limb motor outcomes in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), addressing gaps in generalizability and classification to support evidence-based rehabilitation strategies.

Data sources

We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for English-language articles from database inception to 2023 (initial search conducted in April 2024 and updated in January 2025).

Study selection

We included randomized controlled trials involving adults with SCI that investigated noninvasive technology modalities applied to any body region and reported outcomes related to motor score, muscle

SUBMITTER: Marufa SA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12750423 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature