Ad5-boosted COVID-19 vaccine reduces symptomatic BA.5 infection via cross-neutralizing antibodies and NK cell immunity.

ABSTRACT:

Background

During the COVID-19 pandemic, diverse vaccine strategies were applied globally, yet most relied on immunogenicity evaluations and bridging trials rather than retrospective assessment through real-world infections. This limited understanding of protective mechanisms under natural variant exposure.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of real-world BA.5 infections was used to analyze the protective efficacy of Ad5-nCoV booster vaccination (A-A). Multi-layered immune profiling was performed, including neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), single-cell BCR sequencing (BCR usage), transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, and virus-specific T cell immunity. These were integrated to dissect A-A-i

SUBMITTER: Cui T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12751559 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature