Comparative effects of electronic cigarettes and dual use of electronic and conventional cigarettes on adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of electronic cigarette (E-cigarette) use and dual-use of E-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes (C-cigarettes) during pregnancy on adverse pregnancy outcomes, compared to C-cigarette use and non-use.

Methods

A two-step search was conducted: first, systematic reviews (SRs) on the effects of E-cigarette use during pregnancy were identified from Medline and Scopus up to November 7, 2023; second, an updated search from the last search of previous SRs to May 30, 2025, was performed to capture additional relevant studies. Eligible studies included observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the impact of E-cigarette or dual-use on adverse pregnancy outcomes, with non

SUBMITTER: Sukhato K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12752007 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature