Associations of air pollutant exposures with Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic syndrome in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study based on CHARLS.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a prevalent systemic disorder, but evidence linking it to air pollution is scarce. We investigated the association between long-term exposure to multiple air pollutants and CKM syndrome severity in Chinese adults.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study of 3,937 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we estimated long-term (2013-2015) residential exposures to PM₁, PM₂.₅, PM₁₀, NO₂, O₃, and SO₂. CKM syndrome was staged per American Heart Association criteria. We used ordered logistic, Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS), and restricted cubic spline regression to assess associations.

Results

After full adjustment, each one-standard-deviation (SD) increase in pollutant concentration was si

SUBMITTER: Pan Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12752344 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature