Acrolein Promotes Retinal Inflammation Through Macrophage Chemotaxis by Inducing CCL2 Production From Muller Cells.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory mechanisms induced by the toxic aldehyde acrolein in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). N^ε-(3-formyl-3, 4-dehydropiperidino) lysine adduct (FDP-lys), an acrolein-binding protein, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-2 (CCL2) levels in human vitreous fluid obtained from patients with PDR were measured using Luminex assay and ELISA. A rat Müller glial cell line (TR-MUL5) was exposed to acrolein (10-50 μM), and CCL2 expression was evaluated using real-time PCR and ELISA. Macrophage (RAW264.7) migration under the presence of acrolein-stimulated TR-MUL5 was assessed using a Transwell assay. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) translocation in TR-MUL5 was examined by immunofluorescence and cell fractionation. These analyses demonstrate

SUBMITTER: Fukutsu K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12752455 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature