Integrated bioinformatics and machine learning reveal pan-apoptosis and immune infiltration signatures in diabetic nephropathy.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the vascular complications of diabetes and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and mortality in diabetic patients. PANoptosis has been defined a unique form of programmed cell death that integrates pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. However, the role of other biomarkers in modulating PANoptosis and their impact on DN remains unexplored.

Objective

This study aimed to explore panoptosis-related genes and potential therapeutic drugs in DN.

Methods

We downloaded DN datasets from the GEO database and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through integrated differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The intersection between DN-related DEGs and panopto

SUBMITTER: Liu Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12753429 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature