Negative learning behavior in small private online courses (SPOCs): findings from PLS-SEM and fsQCA.

ABSTRACT:

Purpose

This study investigates the factors leading to college students' negative learning behavior in small private online courses (SPOCs) and offers suggestions for the optimization of SPOC design and the improvement of students' learning efficiency in online environments.

Design/methodology/approach

Using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), we analyzed 351 valid questionnaires from Chinese undergraduate students to clarify the intricate causal patterns of SPOC students' negative learning behaviors.

Findings

Perceived usefulness and attitude directly impacted students' negative learning behaviors, while perceived ease of use, task-technology fit (TTF), individual-technology fit (ITF), o

SUBMITTER: Liu J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12753872 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature