The role of variables of aquatic training performed in the upright position in improving the lipid profile of adults: systematic review with meta-analysis and meta regression.

ABSTRACT: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of aquatic training (AT) on total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in adults, compared with control groups (CG), and to determine the possible moderators of the effect of AT on these outcomes. Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, and Scopus were searched until August 2025. Clinical trials comparing the effect of AT with a CG of adults that assessed blood concentrations of TC, TG, LDL, or HDL were included. A random-effects model was used, and effect sizes (ES) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Twenty-two studies (697 participants) were included. AT promoted reductions in TC (ES:-0.89), TG (ES:-0.64), and LDL (ES:-1.11) levels and an increase in HDL (ES: 0.53) compar

SUBMITTER: Costa RR 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12754052 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature