The early human interferon gamma response to Toxoplasma gondii is driven by Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell sensing of host phosphoantigens and subsequent NK-cell activation.

ABSTRACT: Toxoplasma gondii is a globally prevalent intracellular parasite that infects ~40 million Americans. The murine immune response to Toxoplasma relies on both toll-like receptor (TLR) 11/12 and immunity related GTPase-mediated (IRGs) responses, which humans lack, making it unclear how the human immune response detects and responds to the parasite. We investigated whether human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, which detect phosphoantigens through the BTN3A1 receptor, shape the early immune response to the parasite. Using primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we show that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are activated by Toxoplasma-infected cells in a BTN3A1-dependent manner leading to secretion of interferon gamma (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). Additionally, these T cells potentiate IFNγ pro

SUBMITTER: Rodriguez F 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12755758 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature