HLA-B27-Positive Leprosy Masquerading as Peripheral Spondyloarthritis: A Case Report.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, is primarily characterized by cutaneous and peripheral nerve involvement. Nonetheless, musculoskeletal manifestations are also frequently observed and are commonly misdiagnosed as rheumatic diseases.

Case presentation

We report a case of lepromatous leprosy presenting with chronic arthritis and HLA-B27 positivity, which was misdiagnosed as peripheral spondyloarthritis in the early stage due to the absence of typical clinical manifestations.

Conclusion

Lepromatous leprosy may mimic peripheral spondyloarthritis, especially with HLA-B27 positivity. Clinicians should consider leprosy in refractory arthritis or neuropathy, even in non-endemic areas, to prevent disability and transmission.

SUBMITTER: Peng Q 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12755893 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature